Home/Innovative Design
[1]Mouritesen, Lone, and Osborne, Caroline "Rough Guide to Copenhagen." Rough Guides. Penguin Publishig, n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2015.
This source contained many general information about the city which was helpful in the intro section of this website. The information that this source had were general information such as population number, and the number and names of different municipalities within Copenhagen. This source also had a brief overview of Danish life and culture. Reading through this section was helpful in understanding what made social life in Denmark so special.
[2] Andersen, Hans Thor, and John Jørgensen. "Copenhagen." Cities 12.1 (1995): 13-22.
This source also gave general information about the city. Because this source was made in 1995, some data were deemed unreliable. Some of the information that was in this article especially when they give numerical information (population, demographic information) may have been out of date. What this source was useful in providing was an insight into the political economy of Copenhagen. This source gave information about the socialist system and how it functions.
[3] Lund Hansen, Anders, Hans Thor Andersen, and Eric Clark. "Creative Copenhagen: globalization, urban governance and social change." European Planning Studies 9.7 (2001): 851-869.
This source was probably the most helpful source to write this section. The source gave detailed information about the creative nature of the city. Other sources mentioned that Copenhagen was a creative city. What this source did was take that idea a step further and detailed why and how Copenhagen has and continue to experience this boom of creativity. It talked about the rise of creative industries and how that has had an effect on the culture and demographic of Copenhagen. This source explored the concept of culture and creativity as a method of social and economic development.
[4] Gehl, Jan, and Lars Gemzøe. Public spaces-public life. 2004.
This source gave details and information about the infrastructure system of Copenhagen. Not only did this source talk about the type and the extent of the public infrastructure in Copenhagen, it also talked how funding is gathered and community support is gathered for these projects. This article also touched on the political economy of Copenhagen. It spoke about the relationship of the Danish people with government. The Danish people's comfort and trust in government has allowed for innovative and expensive public infrastructure to be built.
This source contained many general information about the city which was helpful in the intro section of this website. The information that this source had were general information such as population number, and the number and names of different municipalities within Copenhagen. This source also had a brief overview of Danish life and culture. Reading through this section was helpful in understanding what made social life in Denmark so special.
[2] Andersen, Hans Thor, and John Jørgensen. "Copenhagen." Cities 12.1 (1995): 13-22.
This source also gave general information about the city. Because this source was made in 1995, some data were deemed unreliable. Some of the information that was in this article especially when they give numerical information (population, demographic information) may have been out of date. What this source was useful in providing was an insight into the political economy of Copenhagen. This source gave information about the socialist system and how it functions.
[3] Lund Hansen, Anders, Hans Thor Andersen, and Eric Clark. "Creative Copenhagen: globalization, urban governance and social change." European Planning Studies 9.7 (2001): 851-869.
This source was probably the most helpful source to write this section. The source gave detailed information about the creative nature of the city. Other sources mentioned that Copenhagen was a creative city. What this source did was take that idea a step further and detailed why and how Copenhagen has and continue to experience this boom of creativity. It talked about the rise of creative industries and how that has had an effect on the culture and demographic of Copenhagen. This source explored the concept of culture and creativity as a method of social and economic development.
[4] Gehl, Jan, and Lars Gemzøe. Public spaces-public life. 2004.
This source gave details and information about the infrastructure system of Copenhagen. Not only did this source talk about the type and the extent of the public infrastructure in Copenhagen, it also talked how funding is gathered and community support is gathered for these projects. This article also touched on the political economy of Copenhagen. It spoke about the relationship of the Danish people with government. The Danish people's comfort and trust in government has allowed for innovative and expensive public infrastructure to be built.
Sustainability
City of Copenhagen. (2011). Copenhagen climate adaptation plan for 2025. Copenhagen, Denmark. pp 57-84.
The 2011 Climate Adaptation Plan was made with initiatives to be completed by 2025. As Copenhagen struggles with storm-water flooding, rising sea level, and its sewage system, it is imperative that new technology is properly funded for the new building projects. Most renovations include altering the existing infrastructure such as: raising side-walks and roads, uncapping water pipes, and paving better drainage systems. With rising CO2 emissions, the plan calls limits greenhouse gas emissions. This plan was made in response to a major flooding that occurred from rainwater in 2010. Realizing the city needed better infrastructure that could withstand the water flow, Copenhagen strives to make plans that can withstand impending climate change.
City of Copenhagen. (2014). State of Green. Retrieved from https://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-copenhagen
This initiative calls for Copenhagen to be a carbon neutral city by the year 2025. The city seeks to be in a “State of Green,” leading sustainable efforts that are happening around the globe. Copenhagen plans to be a leader in green initiatives by increasing green urban development, while creating jobs that clean up and renovate the city. Overall the city seeks to have a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions. This plan builds off of Copenhagen’s present progress, in which the city has turned 55% greener over the past several years. The city plans on preserving and establishing more green space. Its intentions are to provide a healthy environment for citizens, diminish damage to the natural habitat, stimulate the economy, and become an international model for green projects.
Troy, A. (2012). The very hungry city: urban energy efficiency and the economic fate of cities. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
In this chapter, Austin Troy sets out a narrative describing a typical day in the city of Copenhagen. While he compares what makes energy efficient and sustainable cities, he uses Copenhagen as an international model. He is taken aback by the amount of bike culture that exudes as well as the healthy lifestyle approach citizens lead. Later he finds that most of the sustainable measures are the work of great planning behind the city. He discovered that planning has a significant impact upon the daily culture of citizens. The bike infrastructure in place provides accessibility to smart and healthy transportation. As a result Copenhageners are healthier than the average American. This comparison provides a perspective on how influential planning can be.
Jensen, M.B. Orestad-the blue and green economic driver in Copenhagen. Danish Ministry of the Environment. Faculty of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen. pp. 1-6 .
Orestad is Copenhagen’s master-planned urban district. As a relatively small city, Copenhagen was in need of more dynamic attractions. This issue was first recognized in the late 20th century. As a result, planners got together and decided to create Orestad as a cutting-edge district, leading urban design, sustainable efforts, and transit. This big development plan is unlike Copenhagen’s usual renovations of older architecture. Instead this area culminates higher technology to create a new water system that significantly diminishes waste. Orestad is used as a pioneering project for Copenhagen.
The 2011 Climate Adaptation Plan was made with initiatives to be completed by 2025. As Copenhagen struggles with storm-water flooding, rising sea level, and its sewage system, it is imperative that new technology is properly funded for the new building projects. Most renovations include altering the existing infrastructure such as: raising side-walks and roads, uncapping water pipes, and paving better drainage systems. With rising CO2 emissions, the plan calls limits greenhouse gas emissions. This plan was made in response to a major flooding that occurred from rainwater in 2010. Realizing the city needed better infrastructure that could withstand the water flow, Copenhagen strives to make plans that can withstand impending climate change.
City of Copenhagen. (2014). State of Green. Retrieved from https://stateofgreen.com/en/profiles/city-of-copenhagen
This initiative calls for Copenhagen to be a carbon neutral city by the year 2025. The city seeks to be in a “State of Green,” leading sustainable efforts that are happening around the globe. Copenhagen plans to be a leader in green initiatives by increasing green urban development, while creating jobs that clean up and renovate the city. Overall the city seeks to have a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions. This plan builds off of Copenhagen’s present progress, in which the city has turned 55% greener over the past several years. The city plans on preserving and establishing more green space. Its intentions are to provide a healthy environment for citizens, diminish damage to the natural habitat, stimulate the economy, and become an international model for green projects.
Troy, A. (2012). The very hungry city: urban energy efficiency and the economic fate of cities. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
In this chapter, Austin Troy sets out a narrative describing a typical day in the city of Copenhagen. While he compares what makes energy efficient and sustainable cities, he uses Copenhagen as an international model. He is taken aback by the amount of bike culture that exudes as well as the healthy lifestyle approach citizens lead. Later he finds that most of the sustainable measures are the work of great planning behind the city. He discovered that planning has a significant impact upon the daily culture of citizens. The bike infrastructure in place provides accessibility to smart and healthy transportation. As a result Copenhageners are healthier than the average American. This comparison provides a perspective on how influential planning can be.
Jensen, M.B. Orestad-the blue and green economic driver in Copenhagen. Danish Ministry of the Environment. Faculty of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen. pp. 1-6 .
Orestad is Copenhagen’s master-planned urban district. As a relatively small city, Copenhagen was in need of more dynamic attractions. This issue was first recognized in the late 20th century. As a result, planners got together and decided to create Orestad as a cutting-edge district, leading urban design, sustainable efforts, and transit. This big development plan is unlike Copenhagen’s usual renovations of older architecture. Instead this area culminates higher technology to create a new water system that significantly diminishes waste. Orestad is used as a pioneering project for Copenhagen.
Transportation
Greenfield, J. (2012, December 6). Danish History: How Copenhagen became bike-friendly again. Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://gridchicago.com/2012/danish-history-how-copenhagen-became-bike-friendly- again/
John Greenfield visits Copenhagen and interviews the Danish Cyclist’s Federation’s director and project manager on Copenhagen’s biking history and habits. They tell him various trends that they notice and are aware of as Copenhagen residents. Though not official historians, they provide insight and first-hand experience into how bicycles have affected the city.
History of Copenhagen - Copenhagen and City History - Copenhagen Portal. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-History.htm
The history of Copenhagen begins with its founding in 1160. Copenhagen goes through many changes within its planning, especially with transportation. The page serves as a slightly more detailed timeline, and it covers various topics, including transportation-related subjects. Run by a Danish tourism company, the site provides helpful, obscure details that many other sites gloss over.
Ohgaki, S., Harata, N., & Andersen, H. (2008). Copenhagen, Denmark: urban regeneration at economic and social sustainability. In T. Kidokoro, N. Harata, L. Subanu, J. Jessen, A. Motte, & E. Seltzer (Eds.), Sustainable City Regions Space, Place and Governance (Vol. 7, pp. 203-225). Tokyo: Springer.
Copenhagen, by far the largest city in the country, began to incorporate more modern planning policies in the 1920s. While not very strong at first and often fought for between the city and the central government, in more recent years, the two have been more cooperative. This understanding has resulted in advances in public transport with more trains, research, better roads, and cultural exchanges with the Øresund link.
Silva C, Reis J P, Pinho P, 2014, "How urban structure constrains sustainable mobility choices: comparison of Copenhagen and Oporto" Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 41(2) 211 – 228
The study analyzes current transportation and land-use in Great Oporto and Greater Copenhagen, and how the various factors work with or against each other. They take data and cases from both locations and analyze what makes both areas different or similar. Copenhagen has a much higher rate of bicycle commuters due to land-use and transport policies and a more leisurely lifestyle. Mobility in Copenhagen is also more sustainable, due to lower carbon emissions, and more residents who walk.
John Greenfield visits Copenhagen and interviews the Danish Cyclist’s Federation’s director and project manager on Copenhagen’s biking history and habits. They tell him various trends that they notice and are aware of as Copenhagen residents. Though not official historians, they provide insight and first-hand experience into how bicycles have affected the city.
History of Copenhagen - Copenhagen and City History - Copenhagen Portal. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://www.copenhagenet.dk/CPH-History.htm
The history of Copenhagen begins with its founding in 1160. Copenhagen goes through many changes within its planning, especially with transportation. The page serves as a slightly more detailed timeline, and it covers various topics, including transportation-related subjects. Run by a Danish tourism company, the site provides helpful, obscure details that many other sites gloss over.
Ohgaki, S., Harata, N., & Andersen, H. (2008). Copenhagen, Denmark: urban regeneration at economic and social sustainability. In T. Kidokoro, N. Harata, L. Subanu, J. Jessen, A. Motte, & E. Seltzer (Eds.), Sustainable City Regions Space, Place and Governance (Vol. 7, pp. 203-225). Tokyo: Springer.
Copenhagen, by far the largest city in the country, began to incorporate more modern planning policies in the 1920s. While not very strong at first and often fought for between the city and the central government, in more recent years, the two have been more cooperative. This understanding has resulted in advances in public transport with more trains, research, better roads, and cultural exchanges with the Øresund link.
Silva C, Reis J P, Pinho P, 2014, "How urban structure constrains sustainable mobility choices: comparison of Copenhagen and Oporto" Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 41(2) 211 – 228
The study analyzes current transportation and land-use in Great Oporto and Greater Copenhagen, and how the various factors work with or against each other. They take data and cases from both locations and analyze what makes both areas different or similar. Copenhagen has a much higher rate of bicycle commuters due to land-use and transport policies and a more leisurely lifestyle. Mobility in Copenhagen is also more sustainable, due to lower carbon emissions, and more residents who walk.
Housing
Vestergaard, Hedvig. "Danish Housing System, Policy Trends and Research." December 6, 2002. Accessed March 16, 2015.
This paper gives a short overview of the housing system including social housing, current issues in the Danish housing policy debate and an outline of a housing research strategy formulated in 2001. The background for this is mainly recent research carried out at Danish Building and Urban Research with the objective to reformulate and strengthen Danish housing research and to enhance the relevant research infrastructure.
"HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (2)." HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (2). February 13, 1998. Accessed March 16, 2015.
Policy stability has been a feature of Danish housing policy for the last twenty years, and policies evolve rather than shift. Sustaining past progress and refining the edges or interconnections of housing with other activities have been key features of the 1990s.
"Integrated Urban Renewal." April 1, 2012. Accessed March 14, 2015.
Integrated urban renewal initiates positive development. The areas chosen for integrated urban renewal are therefore districts already possess considerable potentials and qualities. The areas are also characterized by a high proportion of small, outdated flats with lacking installations, relatively poor and run-down, integration problems and a large number of residents outside the labor market.
"Policy for Disadvantaged Areas of Copenhagen." Accessed March 16, 2015. https://subsite.kk.dk/Nyheder/2009/April/~/media/6BEC9FBD981E4035849347BEE92BA9F2.ashx
The policy formulated a general vision for these areas and defined a number of specific goals that will be fulfilled by 2020. One goal is to ensure that the residents of disadvantaged areas use public schools, day-care facilities, after-school institutions and leisure and youth clubs to the same extent as residents in other parts of Copenhagen. Another is to improve employment levels to the Copenhagen average, while a third is to ensure that disadvantaged areas are just as safe to live in and visit as other parts of the city.
This paper gives a short overview of the housing system including social housing, current issues in the Danish housing policy debate and an outline of a housing research strategy formulated in 2001. The background for this is mainly recent research carried out at Danish Building and Urban Research with the objective to reformulate and strengthen Danish housing research and to enhance the relevant research infrastructure.
"HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (2)." HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (2). February 13, 1998. Accessed March 16, 2015.
Policy stability has been a feature of Danish housing policy for the last twenty years, and policies evolve rather than shift. Sustaining past progress and refining the edges or interconnections of housing with other activities have been key features of the 1990s.
"Integrated Urban Renewal." April 1, 2012. Accessed March 14, 2015.
Integrated urban renewal initiates positive development. The areas chosen for integrated urban renewal are therefore districts already possess considerable potentials and qualities. The areas are also characterized by a high proportion of small, outdated flats with lacking installations, relatively poor and run-down, integration problems and a large number of residents outside the labor market.
"Policy for Disadvantaged Areas of Copenhagen." Accessed March 16, 2015. https://subsite.kk.dk/Nyheder/2009/April/~/media/6BEC9FBD981E4035849347BEE92BA9F2.ashx
The policy formulated a general vision for these areas and defined a number of specific goals that will be fulfilled by 2020. One goal is to ensure that the residents of disadvantaged areas use public schools, day-care facilities, after-school institutions and leisure and youth clubs to the same extent as residents in other parts of Copenhagen. Another is to improve employment levels to the Copenhagen average, while a third is to ensure that disadvantaged areas are just as safe to live in and visit as other parts of the city.
History/Planning
https://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/LivingInCopenhagen/CultureAndLeisure/~/media/B41A385F819F42CBBC31D1BAAFF9EDD1.ashx
This website provided a detailed history of early Copenhagen from the abundance of herring and its prime location that helped shape the city it is today. It discusses the early ownership of Copenhagen and the religious influences it had in its development.
Jorgensen, John. "Evolution of the Finger Structure." (n.d.): 187-97. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.
Jorgensen provides an in depth breakdown of the evolution of finger structure and how it set the tone for urban and regional planning in Copenhagen. It includes many key elements hat make Copenhagen one of the most people friendly cities, from its mass transportation corridors that connect to the city, to the open space integrated in the plan.
[5] Denmark. City of Copenhagen. The Finance Administration. Municipal Plan 2011: City of Copenhagen. Cph.: City of Copenhagen, 2011. Print.
The 2011 Municipal Plan outlined the vision for the future of Copenhagen. There are some ambitious ideas that are included in the plan but for a progressive city like Copenhagen it doesn't look to be an issue. The planning for future growth is ever present in the plan and an example for many other cities.
"Welcome to the Øresund Bridge." The Oresund Bridge. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.
The Oresund Bridge is a crucial component to the success of the Oresund Region. The bridge which also includes a tunnel and an artifical island has changed the way people interact within Copenhagen and with their neighboring country Sweden.
This website provided a detailed history of early Copenhagen from the abundance of herring and its prime location that helped shape the city it is today. It discusses the early ownership of Copenhagen and the religious influences it had in its development.
Jorgensen, John. "Evolution of the Finger Structure." (n.d.): 187-97. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.
Jorgensen provides an in depth breakdown of the evolution of finger structure and how it set the tone for urban and regional planning in Copenhagen. It includes many key elements hat make Copenhagen one of the most people friendly cities, from its mass transportation corridors that connect to the city, to the open space integrated in the plan.
[5] Denmark. City of Copenhagen. The Finance Administration. Municipal Plan 2011: City of Copenhagen. Cph.: City of Copenhagen, 2011. Print.
The 2011 Municipal Plan outlined the vision for the future of Copenhagen. There are some ambitious ideas that are included in the plan but for a progressive city like Copenhagen it doesn't look to be an issue. The planning for future growth is ever present in the plan and an example for many other cities.
"Welcome to the Øresund Bridge." The Oresund Bridge. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2015.
The Oresund Bridge is a crucial component to the success of the Oresund Region. The bridge which also includes a tunnel and an artifical island has changed the way people interact within Copenhagen and with their neighboring country Sweden.